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Node.js Introduction

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on the V8 engine. Its main value is that it allows JavaScript to run outside the browser, which makes it useful for web servers, APIs, CLIs, build tools, automation, and real-time backend systems.

Node.js changed how teams build backend platforms because the same language can now be used on both the frontend and the backend. That reduces context switching and makes full-stack workflows more consistent.

  • non-blocking I/O for handling many concurrent operations efficiently
  • an event-driven runtime model
  • a large package ecosystem through npm
  • strong fit for APIs, streaming workloads, and developer tooling

Node.js is not automatically the best choice for every workload, but it is a strong fit when applications spend most of their time waiting on network or file operations.

  • REST APIs and backend-for-frontend services
  • real-time systems using websockets or streaming
  • command-line tools and project automation
  • build systems, code generation, and developer workflows
  1. the event loop and asynchronous I/O
  2. CommonJS and ES module loading
  3. npm project structure and dependencies
  4. HTTP servers and routing
  5. environment variables and configuration
  6. process management and production runtime concerns